System and method for multi-link communication in home network

ABSTRACT

A client in a home entertainment network can communicate with other components, including the server, over both a wired and a wireless link, with the particular path being selected based a component preference, and/or a bandwidth capability, and/or an occupancy ratio. Both links may be simultaneously used.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of and claims priority from U.S.patent application Ser. No. 10/790,496, filed Mar. 1, 2004, now U.S.Pat. No. 7,965,673, which in turn claims priority from U.S. provisionalpatent application Ser. No. 60/501,625, filed Sep. 9, 2003, from whichpriority is presently claimed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to home entertainment systems.

2. Description of the Related Art

Home entertainment systems have been provided that can include a set-topbox media server that communicates with various components in the home,e.g., TVs, laptop computers, and custom display devices. Home networkcommunication technologies (e.g., 802.11 wireless, UWB (Ultra WideBand), PLC (Power Line Communication), etc.) are widely used as theircosts decrease. As critically recognized herein, it may be possible toprovide a network component that can have two or more different networkinterfaces. For example, a digital TV set might have both an 802.11wireless communication system and a power line (wired) communicationsystem with which to communicate with a server. As also recognizedherein, when both of a transmitter and a receiver have both a wired anda wireless communication system, it must be decided which system (orboth) to use. It is to this problem that the present invention isdirected.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A home entertainment system includes a server configured for both wiredand wireless communication with components, and at least one componentconfigured for communicating with the server along a wired path and alsobeing configured for communicating with the server along a wirelesspath. At least one of: the server, and component, determines which pathto use for communication based on at least one of: a componentpreference, a bandwidth capability, and an occupancy ratio.

Preferably, a respective address such as an IP address is associatedwith each path over which the component communicates. The component maybe a television or a portable computer or other component.

In another aspect, a method for communicating in a home network includesdetermining that both a wired and a wireless path exist between thecomponents, and determining whether at least one of the componentsprefers a particular path and if so, communicating data over that path.Otherwise, the method includes communicating data over at least one ofthe paths based on at least one of: a bandwidth capability, and anoccupancy ratio.

In yet another aspect, a system for communicating between at least firstand second components in a home network includes means for establishinga wired communication path between the components, and means forestablishing a wireless communication path between the components. Meansare provided for communicating data over a component-preferred path whena component-preferred path is indicated, with the component-preferredpath being selected from the wired and wireless communication paths.Also, means are provided for, when no component-preferred path isindicated, communicating data over at least one of the paths based on atleast one of: a bandwidth capability, and an occupancy ratio.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The details of the present invention, both as to its structure andoperation, can best be understood in reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts, and inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the server of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a client;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a network according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 4 is another block diagram of the network;

FIG. 5 is yet another block diagram of the network; and

FIGS. 6 and 7 are flow charts of logic for determining which link, wiredor wireless to use to communicate with a component having bothcapabilities.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the preferred non-limiting embodiment shown, the processors describedherein may access one or more software or hardware elements to undertakethe present logic. The flow charts herein illustrate the structure ofthe logic modules of the present invention as embodied in computerprogram software. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the flowcharts illustrate the structures of logic elements, such as computerprogram code elements or electronic logic circuits, that functionaccording to this invention. Manifestly, the invention is practiced inits essential embodiment by a machine component that renders the logicelements in a form that instructs a digital processing apparatus (thatis, a computer or microprocessor) to perform a sequence of functionsteps corresponding to those shown. Internal logic could be as simple asa state machine.

In other words, the present logic may be established as a computerprogram that is executed by a processor within, e.g., the presentmicroprocessors/servers as a series of computer-executable instructions.In addition to residing on hard disk drives, these instructions mayreside, for example, in RAM of the appropriate computer, or theinstructions may be stored on magnetic tape, electronic read-onlymemory, or other appropriate data storage device.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a server 201. Tuner Frontend 19 receives a RFsignal from an antenna or a cable network. An analog video output signalfrom Tuner Frontend 19 is Analog-Digital converted at A/D 12 and sent toEncoder 10. Similarly, an analog audio output is A/D converted at A/D 13and sent to Encoder 10. Encoder encodes the input signal using Memory11. The encoded signal is sent to Power Line Communication Interface 9and/or Wireless Interface 21 through the internal bus 1. The encodedsignal is also sent to HDD Interface 3 through Bus 1 and recorded to HDD2 if necessary. A playback stream from HDD 2 is sent to PLC I/F 9 and/orWireless I/F 21 through Bus 1.

The user inputs a command using Key Pad 18 or Remote Commander 6. KeyPad 18 sends a command to CPU 4 through Interface 17 and Bus 1.Similarly, Infrared Remote Commander 6 sends a command to CPU 4 throughInterface 7 and Bus 1. Modem 20 is, for example, a cable or ADSL modemand connected to the Internet. CPU 4 controls each component in Server201 (FIG. 3). Memory 5 stores a software program to run on CPU 4. Also,memory 5 has working spaces and temporary data storage for CPU 4.

PLC I/F 9 receives a stream from Encoder 10 or HDD 2 and sends it to thedestination on the power line 200 (FIG. 3). Power Plug is 8 is pluggedin the power line 200. Also, PLC I/F 9 receives a command from CPU 4 andsends to the destination. Data sent from a transmitter on the power line200 is received by PLC I/F 9 and sent to an appropriate block, forexample, CPU 4. Wireless I/F 21 works in a similar manner. Wireless I/F21 receives data or a stream from Bus 1 and transmits from Antenna 22.Date received by Wireless I/F 21 is sent to an appropriate block, forexample CPU 4. To send a stream or data to the destination, CPU 4selects either network interface. Both networks are IP-based and eachinterface has a unique IP address. PLC I/F 9 and Wireless I/F 21 handlePHY (physical) and MAC (Media Access Control) layers. CPU 4 controls theupper layers, for example, TCP/IP and the application layers.

FIG. 2 shows an example of client 202 (FIG. 3). PLC I/F 112 and WirelessI/F 125 work in the same manner as PLC I/F 9 and Wireless I/F 21 inServer 201. An audio/video stream sent from Server 201 is received byeither PLC I/F 112 or Wireless I/F 125 and sent to Decoder 115 throughBus 100. (If the data is not audio/video data, it may be sent to Memory122 or CPU 106.) Decoder 115 decodes the stream using Memory 114.Decoded video signal is Digital-Analog converted in D/A 116 anddisplayed on Display 117. Decoded audio signal is D-A converted in D/A119, amplified in Amp 120 and sent to Loudspeaker 121.

The user inputs a command using keypad 124 or remote commander 109.Keypad 124 sends a command to CPU 106 through interface 123 and bus 100.Similarly, Infrared remote commander 109 sends a command to CPU 106through interface 110 and bus 100. CPU 106 controls each component inClient 202. Memory 122 stores a software program to run on CPU 106.Also, Memory 122 has working spaces and temporary data storage for CPU106.

CPU 106 dynamically selects a stream source: either of PLC I/F 112 andWireless I/F 125. A small time break may exist when the interface isswitched. Some amount of the stream data is buffered in Memory 114. Evenif such a break occurs, audio/video decoding by Decoder 115 does notstop.

FIG. 3 shows an example of multiple networks. Server 201, Client 202 andBattery charger 205 are on the power line network 200. Each of Server201, Client 202, Laptop PC 203 and Video Camera Recorder 204 has awireless network interface and they are on a wireless network.

Server 201 receives a broadcast signal from a cable network on anantenna and sends it to another device, for example, Client 202. Server201 stores a broadcast program in an internal hard disk drive (HDD). Aplayback stream from the HDD is sent to another device to decode. Client202 is a decoder/display. It receives an audio/video stream from Server202, decodes and displays it on the display screen.

The power line network and the wireless network in this invention may beIP-based. Each device on the network has a unique IP address. A devicewith two network interfaces has two IP addresses. IP addresses are shownin italics in FIG. 3. A device number in the figure follows “IP”. Thelast letter indicates power line (P) or wireless (W). For example, theIP address of the power line interface in Server 201 is “IP201P”. Notethat each network may have a different IP or IP-like address format. Animportant thing is all IP addresses must be unique.

A device with two network interfaces has two IP addresses. Anotherdevice does not know these two IP addresses are assigned to the samedevice. A transmitter and a receiver need to exchange IP addressassociation information. In case of FIG. 3, Client 202 sends IP202W andIP202P to Server 201. Server 201 sends IP201W and IP201P to Client 202.Server 201 gets to know that Client 202 has two interfaces and bothpower line and wireless networks are available to communication withClient 202. Also, Client 202 gets the two IP addresses of Server 201.

Usually, Server 201 simultaneously transmits several streams to severaldestinations. Some device accepts only wireless access. Laptop 203 is anexample. Another device, for example Battery Charger 205, has only powerline interfaces. A transmission to these devices has no choice andeither network is assigned. A transmission from Server 201 to Client 202has two choices: power line or wireless. In this case, an appropriatenetwork that has more available bandwidth will be selected, as discussedfurther below in reference to FIG. 6.

A transmission is categorized to one of the next types:

Type I: wireless only

Type II: power line only

Type III: wireless preferred

Type IV: power line preferred

Type V: wireless or power line

When a transmitter and a receiver can communicate through both of thenetworks, one of Type III, IV or V is selected. Type III primarilyselects wireless. Type IV primarily selects power line. Type V has nopreference and selects either of them. For example, when the power linenetwork has much larger bandwidth than the wireless network and a newtransmission is an audio/video stream, which is a bandwidth eater, TypeIV will be assigned to the transmission. In this case, the power line isa “default” option.

A portable device, for example, a video camera/recorder may be connectedto the power line when it is charged in a battery charger (cradle). InFIG. 3, Video Camera/Recorder 204 has a wireless interface andcommunicates with Client 202 over the wireless network. Its IP addressis IP204W. Battery Charger 205 has a power line interface with IPaddress IP205P. When Video Camera/Recorder 204 is placed on BatteryCharger 205 as shown in FIG. 4, both device's exchange their own IPaddress and send Client 202 a notice that they got combined to onedevice and the two IP addresses IP204W and IP205P indicate the samedevice. Client 202 starts communication with this combined device usingeither or both of the two networks as Client 202 communicates withServer 201.

If Battery Charger 205 has both a power line and a wireless interfaceand it works as an access point, the transmitter (Video Camera/Recorder204) may select a shorter, direct path, as shown in FIG. 5. Assume thatVideo Camera/Recorder 204 is too far from Client 202 to communicate overthe wireless. When Video Camera/Recorder 204 and Client 202 communicate,Battery Charger 205 is in between and works as a bridge. Batter Charger205 receives data air-transmitted from Video Camera/Recorder 204 andforwards to Client 202 and vice versa. A communication path betweenBattery Charger 205 and Client 202 are either the power line or thewireless. (Battery Charger 205 has two IP addresses: IP205W and IP205P.)Once Video Camera/Recorder 204 gets close to Client 202 and a wirelesscommunication is established between both devices, they stop the currenttransmission via Battery Charger 205 and start direct transmission. Whenone path is direct and the other path is not, Client 202 selects thedirect path. If wireless network condition between Video Camera/Recorder204 and Client 202 gets worse, Client 202 may switch to the originalindirect path. Path selection is dynamically and adaptively performed.When Video Camera/Recorder 204 is placed on Battery Charger 205, bothare combined to one device and it has three IP addresses: IP204 W,IP205W and IP205P. Client 202 may select any of them to communicate withVideo Camera/Recorder 204.

When both networks are available, a transmitter can perform high-speedtransmission using both network paths. The transmitter allocatestransmission data to the power line and the wireless based on theiravailable bandwidth. For example, their bandwidth ratio is 2:1, thefirst 10K bytes are sent through the power line and the next 5 k bytesare sent over the wireless. This ratio could change every moment. Alldata is packetized before transmission. The packet length is fixed orvariable.

Both network transmissions may not be not synchronized with each other.The receiver has to reorder received packets. To solve this issue, thetransmitter gives each packet an incremental sequence number. Based onthis number, the receiver performs packet reordering. If TCP protocol isused, the 32-bit sequence number in TCP header may be used forreordering.

Assume that Server 201 transmits data stored in HDD 2 to Client 202. CPU4 controls DMA (Direct Memory Access) so that data read from HDD 2 goesto either PLC I/F 9 or Wireless IF 21. If necessary, CPU 4 attaches apacket header at the top of each packet. PLC I/F 112 and Wireless I/F125 in Client 202 receive the data from Server 201. Received data isstored in Memory 122 or Memory 114. CPU 106 reorders packets in thememory based on the sequence number. If the data is an audio/videostream, it is sent to Decoder 115 for decoding.

Now referring to FIG. 6, commencing at state 300, the logic move todecision diamond 301 to determine whether the particular componentsought to be communicated with has wired (e.g., PLC) communicationcapability only. If not, the logic proceeds to decision diamond 302, todetermine whether the particular component sought to be communicatedwith has wireless communication capability only.

If the results of the tests at decision diamonds 301 and 302 indicatethat the component has both capabilities, the logic flows to decisiondiamond 303 to determine whether wired communication is preferred, asindicated by the client. If it is not, the logic flows to decisiondiamond 304 to determine whether wireless communication is preferred, asindicated by the client. If it is not, the logic continues to decisiondiamond 305 to determine whether the client's (or network's) wiredbandwidth is greater than its wireless bandwidth.

When the wired bandwidth is not greater than the wireless bandwidth ofthe client (or when the client has only wireless communication atdecision diamond 302, or has both capabilities but prefers wirelesscommunication at decision diamond 304), the logic flows to decisiondiamond 306 to determine whether the wireless bandwidth of the client issufficient for the data sought to be sent. If it is not, the logic movesto decision diamond 307 to determine whether the client preferswireless, and if so the logic continues to decision diamond 310, to bediscussed momentarily.

In contrast, if, at decision diamond 306 it is determined that thewireless bandwidth is sufficient for the data sought to be sent, thelogic moves to block 308 to send the data over the wireless link. On theother hand, if, at decision diamond 307 it is determined that the clientdoes not prefer wireless, a busy message is returned at block 309,alerting the client to perhaps, e.g., change its preference.

As mentioned above, when the client prefers wireless at decision diamond307, or from positive tests at either one of decision diamonds 301, 303,and 305, the logic moves to decision diamond 310. At decision diamond310, it is determined whether the wired link has sufficient bandwidth tosend the data sought to be sent. If not, it is determined at decisiondiamond 311 whether wired transmission is preferred, and if so the logicloops back to decision diamond 306; otherwise, a busy message isreturned at block 312 in accordance with principles above. However, ifit is determined at decision diamond 310 that sufficient wired bandwidthexists, the data is sent at block 313. The logic ends at state 314.

FIG. 7 shows alternative logic that can be invoked for adaptive networkpath control, recognizing that various noise and interference affectsnetwork transmission such that network bandwidth can change and the factthat a transmission often starts and stops. Even if all transmissionsare efficiently assigned to both networks, network bandwidth rarelystays constant, such that the present invention recognizes that it issometimes desirable that the transmitter switch links.

Accordingly, commencing at state 400, the logic flow to decision diamond401, wherein it is determined whether the wireless bandwidth occupancyratio (%) is less than a threshold “1”. The wireless bandwidth occupancyratio is obtained by dividing currently used bandwidth by the totalavailable bandwidth of the transmitter. Threshold “1” may be, forexample, 80%. If the ratio is more than Threshold “1” the logic flows todecision diamond 402 to determine whether the wired network bandwidthoccupancy ratio is less than a second threshold “2”, which may beobtained by dividing currently used bandwidth by the total availablebandwidth of the transmitter. Threshold “2” can be, for example, 80%.

If the wired network occupancy ratio is less than threshold “2”, thelogic proceeds to decision diamond 403 to determine whether there is anon-going transmission that can be switched to the wireless link. If so,the fastest transmission is selected at block 404 from all theswitchable transmissions. By “fastest” transmission is meant thetransmission that is using the largest bandwidth.

Flowing from block 404 to decision diamond 405, it is determined whetherenough wired network bandwidth exists, and if so, transmission isswitched to the wired network at block 406. If insufficient wired linkbandwidth exists at decision diamond 405, the logic moves to decisiondiamond 407 to determine whether the last stream has been tested, and ifnot, the next fastest stream yet to be tested is selected at block 408.The logic then loops back to decision diamond 405. The logic ends atstate 416 after block 406, or after the last stream has been tested asdetermined at decision diamond 407, or after it is determined atdecision diamond 402 that the wired network bandwidth occupancy ratio isequal to or more than the second threshold “2”.

Recall that if it is determined at decision diamond 401 that thewireless bandwidth occupancy ratio (%) is less than a threshold “1”, thelogic flows to decision diamond 409, which essentially is the same testas described above for decision diamond 402. If it is determined atdecision diamond 409 that the wired bandwidth occupancy ratio is lessthan the second threshold “2”, the logic ends, but otherwise the logicproceeds to decision diamond 410 to determine whether there is anon-going transmission that can be switched to the wireless link. If so,the fastest transmission is selected at block 411 from all theswitchable transmissions.

Flowing from block 411 to decision diamond 412, it is determined whetherenough wired network bandwidth exists, and if so, transmission isswitched to the wired network at block 413, after which the logic endsat state 416. If insufficient wired link bandwidth exists at decisiondiamond 412, the logic moves to decision diamond 414 to determinewhether the last stream has been tested, and if not, the next fasteststream yet to be tested is selected at block 415. The logic then loopsback to decision diamond 405. If the last stream was tested at decisiondiamond 414, the logic ends at state 416.

It is to be understood that the present system can be applied to IEEE1394 networks, UWB networks, etc. The above principles can be extendedto three or more networks, for example a combination of PLC, wirelessand IEEE 1304 bus. Moreover, a network path may be selected based onother factors such as network jitter, latency, etc. For example, VoIP(Voice over IP) is very latency-sensitive, and a VoIP transmissionprimarily may select a latency-small network.

With the above in mind, it may be appreciated that the preferredembodiments of the present invention afford efficient network use byswitching a transmission from a busy network to the other. Also,increased total bandwidth guarantees more error-robust transmission.Furthermore, the preferred invention affords adaptive, dynamic controlthat follows network traffic and condition. Also, high-speedtransmission can be effected using both network paths simultaneously,and the network operation is completely transparent to a user. Atransmission can be automatically switched between networks. And, PHYand MAC layers need no modification, since middle or upper layersoftware controls network operation. No additional hardware beyond whatis already conventionally provided need be required.

While the particular SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MULTI-LINK COMMUNICATION INHOME NETWORK as herein shown and described in detail is fully capable ofattaining the above-described objects of the invention, it is to beunderstood that it is the presently preferred embodiment of the presentinvention and is thus representative of the subject matter which isbroadly contemplated by the present invention, that the scope of thepresent invention fully encompasses other embodiments which may becomeobvious to those skilled in the art, and that the scope of the presentinvention is accordingly to be limited by nothing other than theappended claims, in which reference to an element in the singular means“at least one”. All structural and functional equivalents to theelements of the above-described preferred embodiment that are known orlater come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art areexpressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to beencompassed by the present claims. Moreover, it is not necessary for adevice or method to address each and every problem sought to be solvedby the present invention, for it to be encompassed by the presentclaims. Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in thepresent disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardlessof whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recitedin the claims. No claim element herein is to be construed under theprovisions of 35 U.S.C. '112, sixth paragraph, unless the element isexpressly recited using the phrase “means for”.

1. A home entertainment system, comprising: at least one serverconfigured for both wired and wireless communication; and at least onecomponent communicating with the server, a wireless path between theserver and component being available for communication between theserver and the component, a wired path between the server and componentbeing available for communication between the server and the component,the server and/or the component determining which path from among thewired path and the wireless path to use for communication based on atleast one of: a bandwidth capability, an occupancy ratio.
 2. The systemof claim 1, wherein a respective address is associated with each pathover which the component communicates.
 3. The system of claim 2, whereinthe addresses are IP addresses.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein thecomponent is selected from the group of components consisting of:televisions, and portable computers.
 5. The system of claim 4, whereinthe component is a TV.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein at least oneof: the server, and component, determines which path to use forcommunication based at least in part on a component preference.
 7. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein at least one of: the server, and component,determines which path to use for communication based at least in part ona bandwidth capability.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein at least oneof: the server, and component, determines which path to use forcommunication based at least in part on an occupancy ratio.
 9. A methodfor communicating a home network, comprising: determining that both awired path and a wireless path exist between two components; responsiveto a determination that at least one of the two components prefers aparticular path, communicating data over that path; determining that atleast one of the two components does not prefer a particular pathselected from the wired path and the wireless path; and responsive todetermining that at least one of the two components does not prefer aparticular path selected from the wired path and the wireless path,communicating data between the two components over at least one of thepaths between the two components based on at least one of: a bandwidthcapability, an occupancy ratio.
 10. The method of claim 9, comprisingcommunicating simultaneously between the components using both paths.11. The method of claim 9, wherein a respective address is associatedwith each path over which the component communicates.
 12. The method ofclaim 11, wherein the addresses are IP addresses.
 13. The method ofclaim 9, wherein at least one component is selected from the group ofcomponents consisting of: televisions, and portable computers.
 14. Themethod of claim 13, wherein the component is a TV.
 15. The method ofclaim 9, wherein at least one of a server, and a component, determineswhich path to use for communication based at least in part on acomponent preference.
 16. The method of claim 9, wherein at least one ofa server, and a component, determines which path to use forcommunication based at least in part on a bandwidth capability.
 17. Themethod of claim 9, wherein at least one of: a server, and a component,determines which path to use for communication based at least in part onan occupancy ratio.
 18. A system for communicating between at leastfirst and second components in a home network, comprising: a firstprocessor in the first component and a second processor in the secondcomponent, the first processor causing the first component tocommunicate data over a component-preferred path when acomponent-preferred path is indicated, the component-preferred pathbeing selected from a wired and wireless communication paths over bothof which the components communicate with each other; the firstprocessor, when no component-preferred path is indicated, communicatingdata to the second processor over at least one of the paths based on atleast one of: a bandwidth capability, an occupancy ratio.
 19. The systemof claim 18, wherein a respective address is associated with each path.20. The system of claim 19, wherein the addresses are IP addresses. 21.The system of claim 18, wherein at least one component is selected fromthe group of components consisting of: televisions, and portablecomputers.
 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the component is a TV.23. The system of claim 18, wherein at least one of: a server, acomponent, determines which path to use for communication based at leastin part on a component preference.
 24. The system of claim 18, whereinat least one of: a server, a component, determines which path to use forcommunication based at least in part on a bandwidth capability.
 25. Thesystem of claim 18, wherein at least one of: a server, a component,determines which path to use for communication based at least in part onan occupancy ratio.